Academic writing 04

QUESTION AND ANSWER IN DRAMA ON TEXT

By

AGUS RAHMANSYAH/BSI V A

(Nim : AI060749)

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

ADAB FACULTY

THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

SULTHAN THAHA SYAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2009

1. Question: Do you think the setting and characters support the conflict of the story on the play-Death of Salesman? Why and how? Please explain your answer if you say yes or no!

Answer: yes I think the character and setting in the play support the conflict, because the character of every body in the play show the difference who significant, we can see the willy loman who always imagine to be success man, imagine the past time, and can not receive the reality in his life. Biff who decides to get out from university after he gaps his father has affair with a woman in Boston, charley who always quarrel with willy, and others character that I could not write one by one.

2. Question: What is the theme of the play-Death of salesman? What does Arthur miller wants to tell to his reader or what is this message? Please give some example to support your answer!

Answer: the theme of the play is the American Dream (the dream of American people to be successfully people), the play sent message about the importance of our work harder to get the dream and satisfied with the result and the reality in life. We can see in the play about the dream of willy that wants to be successful man but he failed although he was worked harder, and he always imagine to be success man and the successfulness of other people, he wants biff to be success man.

3. Question: What is your opinion about the plot conflict and dream, hope and trust in the death of the salesman? Please relate the message of the play!

Answer: Plot conflict in this play occurred when the Willy loman has a dream and hopes to be success man, but he failed to be success man, he has to face the trust and the reality in his life that he was not success, but he can not receive his reality life, he always imagines in the past time. So, there is a relationship between plot conflict and dream, hope and trust with the message in this play, like in the message which remember us to receive the reality in our life after work harder. As describe in this play that the Willy loman who can not receive his reality life and decides to die to give money to his family, because he thinks his family will receive money from his life insurance.

4. Question: How does Miller use of illusion and reality to support the message of the play!

Answer: in a source from internet there is statement “the illusion of becoming rich and the reality of life make the separation of his characters, and the reality of life not only breaks his dreams but also calls his life. Reality makes the tragedy, and the tragedy is the reality. Willy’s dreams are illusions, only to be shattered by the reality”[i]. Base on the statement we can see that Miller uses the illusion of loman and the reality his life that is not success and it become a tragedy, it can support the message of his play, that is meant that the reality not always like our dream. The dream still only illusion, we can make it to be real but also only being illusion, depend on our efforts.

5. Question: What is the plot of the story of Cherry Orchard? Where is the climax of the story and what happened? Please give your reason!

Answer: The exposition of this play occurred when the Ranevsky family go back to rusia (in act I). The complication occurred when Lopakhin persuades madam ranevsky to sell the orchard to an aristocrat (act II). The climax occurred in act three, when lopakhin will buy the cherry orchard from Mrs. Ranevsky, it is a big thing that never imagine by upper class that lower class like lopakhin could buy the estate of orchard, Lopakhin as the symbol revolution lower class in Russia society. The falling down occurred in act III, when madam Ranevsky shock because the buyer of orchard is lopakhin, the son of his ex-peasant, and the resolution occurred in act V, when madam Ranevsky decide to go back to France after get the money from selling the orchard.

6. Question: How does Chekhov describe woman character in the play? What is the role of the woman in the plays? And what do you think about the way Chekhov describes women role or image?

Answer: The woman character described as the aristocrat or upper class people. The woman characters as the owner the estate or cherry orchard, and always assumes the lower class as the servant who always works for the upper class. I think it is the way of Chekhov to describe the position of upper class in Russia society as the employer and lower class as the servant or worker, because at the time was occurred the revolution from the lower class to get the sameness right in structure society in Russia.

7. Question: How does Chekhov uses of history and social life to support the message of the play?

Answer: In a source from internet there is a statement “One of the main themes of the play is the effect social change has on people. The emancipation of the serfs on 19 February 1861 by Alexander II allowed former serfs to gain wealth and status while some aristocrats were becoming impoverished, unable to tend their estates without the cheap labor of slavery. The effect of these reforms were still being felt when Chekhov was writing forty years after the mass emancipation”[ii]. It is indication that this play occurred when the revolution of Russia, the lower classes want the emancipation or the sameness right between upper class and lower class people. At that time there was social change in society, in where the former serfs can be wealthy people same with aristocrats, as describe in lopakhin who being rich and buy the cherry orchard from aristocrat, Mrs. Ranevsky. So the play also talk it was time for revolution.

8. Question: Is it significant that the attitudes, weakness, and vices of the upper-class are often reflected or mirrored in corresponding features of their servants? What are the same examples? What does that suggest?

Answer: In this play the upper class people always assume that the lower class as their object, and lower people. We can see that madam Ranevsky as the upper class people always assumes that lopakhin as the lower class always be lower class and can not to be a wealthy man, but lopakhin who is a symbol a revolution lower class people and the end to be a successful man who can buy the cherry orchard. It suggest that everything is possible, and lower class always try to be success people and who is not work harder will not leave by another people, because upper class and lower class are same as human being.

9. Question: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of stage performance on life is Beautiful!

Answer: The advantages of the stage performance on life is beautiful is very much, we can learn about the struggle in life, we can know for live is not easy. We must sacrifice whatever our mine for life and also successfully and happiness, even we may sacrifice our body and soul for the happiness and successfulness. We can see in this movie how bigger the sacrificing of Guido for his son and his family, he always make happily situation although he was sad. But the disadvantages of the stage performance is, it can generate or pep out again a racism issue and remembered again about the cruel of Germany people/Nazi to Jews.

10. Question: Is the movie-Life is beautiful-principally a comedy or tragedy? Please give some example to support your answer!

Answer: The movie of Life is Beautiful principally comedy and tragedy movie, because almost in every event in the movie always show the comedic situation although in tragic situation, such as Guido who always make a comedic to his son, especially when in the camp, he talks to his son that it is a game, or when the first meeting Guido and Dora, and in school, it is show a comedic, etc.

11. Question: Discuss the unique aspects of Guido’s and Dora’s courtship and marriage! Why does this partnership between two seemingly opposite individual work so well?

Answer: Guido and Dora come from difference original, Guido is Jew but Dora is Italian, but they both can coalesce as couple married. There are unique aspects, such as the first meeting between Dora and Guido, as we know Dora falls from upstairs when Guido in the bottom, it is a suddenly meeting. Guido often says good morning princess when they meet. When they go back from the theatre, also there are events suddenly; one of the events is, when the fashion of Guido all wet, Dora prays to Marry in order to send some one to give the dry hat for Guido. When Guido rides a horse to bring Dora go out from the party, also unique. Because before it occurred the cake was write with good morning princess, this word remember Dora about Guido, and the horse who written about insulting to Jews is used by Guido to fetch Dora, and then they married. Guido is smart man and always uses the situation and gets the opportunities.

12. Question: The first half of the film is peppered with references to the horrible events to come. Describe several of these and analyze Guido’s attitude towards them. Are there clues that speak to how he will eventually handle being put into concentration camp?

Answer: when at the first in camp Guido claim that everything is well and he talks to his son that it is a game, he always makes his son belief that it is a game, even when the army comes to describe about the rule in camp, he did not explain about the truth, besides he can not translate the army language, but only make his son belief that it is game and who win will get the reward a tank after collect the one thousand point.

13. Question: When Giousue says that he wants to leave the camp, how does Guido react? Please give some example to support your answer!

Answer: Guido explains to his son that is going rain, but his son does not care. Guido also talk to his son that they were in the first place and get the nearly 687 point, but if his son want to go, “we can leave anytime”, Guido said. He always makes his son believe that it is a game, he says to his friend in the camp about the tank and pity if have to go and the end Giousue cancel to go, because it is going rain.

14. Question: What is your opinion about the pursuit happiness movie? Please support your answer with events from the movie!

Answer: I think this movie it’s wonderful that I know, and also this movie has the educative values. We can see when Chris Gardner has the interview in Dean Witter Company, he shows the good attitude and regards him self with high confidence, he explains about him self who want joint to this company with honesty. I think it is very important in a job interview, because we often think that we tend to be a un brave people when passing the job interview. Besides that the live struggling of Gardner makes we have the new spirit in facing the live which full with the struggling. In this film there is an event which make me think about the importance to keep our dream, such as when Chris advice his son if has a dream in order to keep and protect the dream. This film also one of the describing of the American dream, (in an encyclopedia online explains that Happyness essentially was a story about achieving the American Dream, a concept understood better by foreigners than Americans themselves)[iii], as we know the American dream is the dream of American people to successfulness and happiness people, we can see in this film when Chris Gardner in front of Dean Witter company, he sees every people look with happy demy face, so, Chris get the obsession to pursuit the happiness.

15. Question: Give your opinion about happiness and successfulness! Please give some example to support your answer!

Answer: Nowadays, the happiness and successfulness to be a dream for everyone who lives, not only in America but also in the world, but to get the happiness and successfulness are not easy like returning our palm, we should work harder and having the commitment to get it. Everything will not come without our action. We can see the example in the movie of pursuit of happiness, in this movie explains about Chris Gardner who should work harder to get the happiness and successfulness, keep his son and struggling to get the chance as a stock broker in Dean Witter, and in the end of the story he gets it.

16. Question: “There was a man who was downing, and a boat come, and the man on the boat said “Do you need help?” and the man said “God will save me”. Then another boat came and he tried to help him, but he said “God will save me”, then he drowned and went to heaven. Then the man told to God, “God why didn’t you save me?” and God said “I sent you two boats, you dummy!”

That is the story who Gardner tells to his son. Give your opinion about that!

Answer: I think the decision of the man is a mistake. God will save us, but we must have efforts to save ourselves or doing something that important to save ourselves. In daily life we have obligation for praying to God but we also have obligation for work harder to get something that being our dream. We may not only pray but also we must have efforts to get something. The both must be balance in our life, praying and doing must be runs together, because it is the key for success to get the happiness.

17. Question: Explain the relationship between the music and plot the movie-Pursuit of Happiness!

Answer: There is a relationship between the music with every event in the plot of pursuit happiness movie, when the calm situation; the music is slow, when the convulsive situation; the music more hard or fast, all the music are appropriate with the plot where the event occured. Such as when Chris read a book in morning; the music is slow, when he runs from the prison to Dean Witter office for interview; the music more fast, or when he go back from the dean Witter after he receive as a broker, the music slow and show a successfully condition after struggling, and so on.

18. Question: Do you think Pursuit of Happiness and Life is Beautiful have similarity? Please explain your answer if you say yes or not!

Answer: making a similarity in setting which is difference is difficult, but in this case I will say yes there is similarity both. I have reasons why I say yes, we can see the film explain about the successfully or happiness to a dream of everyone. By the implied meaning the both film have the similarity, we can see everybody must hard worker and sacrifice everything for the happiness, and they enjoy the process to get the happiness or successfully. Beside that, the main character in both film always show the happy position although in grievous condition. And also has a son. At the beginning of the Life is Beautiful movie there is a statement about the happiness, and in the film of pursuit of happiness also there is a statement from the narrator who say that Thomas Jefferson who claim about the happiness when he decelerates the America.

Bibliography

Internet

http://www.helium.com/items/1174356-illusion-versus-reality-death-of-a-salesman by sweetsmile. [ Accessed on Monday, January 19^th, 2009, at 09.10 Am ]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cherry_Orchard/ . [ Accessed on Monday, January 19^th, 2009, at 09.21 Am]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pursuit_of_Happyness. [ Accessed on Saturday, January 10^th, 2009, at 09.57 Am ]

End Notes

---

[i] Available in http://www.helium.com/items/1174356-illusion-versus-reality-death-of-a-salesman by sweetsmile. accessed on Monday, January 19^th, 2009, at 09.10 Am.

[ii]Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cherry_Orchard/ . Accessed on Monday, 09.21. Am. January 19^th, 2009

[iii] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pursuit_of_Happyness. Accessed on Saturday, January 10^th, 2009, at 09.57 am.

Academic writing 03

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH OF A SALESMAN

A Play by Arthur Miller

By

AGUS RAHMANSYAH AND FRIENDS (DRAMA’S TEAM 01)[i]

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

ADAB FACULTY

THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

SULTHAN THAHA SYAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2009

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, we would like to thanks to Allah SWT, the Arrahman and Arrahim that owns every spirit and life, that has always been giving the best and the worst in live, an abundant gift, so we can finish this assignment, and also peace be upon him to Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness.

Secondly, thanks very much for all who have helped the writer for finishing this paper, especially for our lecturer, Mrs. Hikmah Oktriani, S.S. who has given support and time to the writer for finalizing this paper, and also for all friends in English letter V A thanks very much.

In this paper surely still has many mistaken, as well in writing or in grammatical, because of that the critics and suggestion from all reader is importance for better writing then.

As the writer, we hope this paper could to help for all reader it as well for enrich the knowledge about the play of The Death of Salesman, and also as one of the reference, especially for all friends in English Literature V A, Adab Faculty.

Jambi, January 2009

Writer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................................... 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION….…………………………….….……………………………4

CHAPTER II

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH OF SALESMAN…………………………...6

2.1. PLOT

2.2. CHARACTER

2.3. STAGING

2.4. SETTING

2.4. THEME

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION .……………………………………………….……………….. 14

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………. 15

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter). In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction[ii]. In Oxford Advanced English Dictionary, page 898 explains that Literature is Pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc.), or pieces of writing or printed information on a particular subject[iii]. Based on the statements we can conclude that literature is the literary work which is the result from literalist or author in form a book or others media.

There are three major types of literature, such as Drama, Prose and Poetry. Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: δράμα, dráma), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: δράω, dráō). The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception.[iv] In others source Drama is a composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage[v]. So, we can conclude drama is the performance which combines the literary value and action or perform the literary work in live character, as well in form of comedy, tragic, or tragic and comedy. In this context drama more familiar with the term a play.

Prose is writing that resembles everyday speech. The word "prose" is derived from the Latin prosa, which literally translates to "straightforward". Prose is an unpretentious form of writing; it is adopted for the discussion of facts and topical news. Prose is often articulated in free form writing style. Thus, it may be used for books, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, broadcast media, films, letters, history, philosophy, biography, linguistic geography, and many other forms of communication[vi].

Poetry (from the Greek "ποίησις", poiesis, a "making") is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. Poetry may be written independently, as discrete poems, or may occur in conjunction with other arts, as in poetic drama, hymns or lyrics[vii].

Arthur Miller was an American playwright and essayist. He was born in October 17^th, 1915 and death in February 10^th, 2005. He was a prominent figure in American theatre and cinema for over 61 years, writing a wide variety of dramas, including celebrated plays such as The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, All My Sons, and Death of a Salesman, which are studied and performed worldwide. Miller was often in the public eye, most famously for refusing to give evidence against others to the House Un-American Activities Committee, being the recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama among countless other awards, and for his marriage to Marilyn Monroe. Miller is considered by audiences and scholars as one of America's greatest playwrights and his plays are lauded throughout the world[viii]. Her works is very famous in the world.

The play of The Death of a Salesman is one of his famous works. In an encyclopedia online explains that the Death of a Salesman is a 1949 play by American playwright Arthur Miller and is a classic of American theater. The play premiered on Broadway on February 10, 1949 at the Morosco Theatre where it ran for 742 performances, directed by Elia Kazan with Lee J. Cobb starring in the leading role. A caustic attack on the American Dream, Death of a Salesman made both Arthur Miller and the character Willy Loman household names. The play raises a counterexample to Aristotle's characterization of tragedy as the downfall of a great man: though Loman certainly has Hamartia, a tragic flaw or error, his downfall is that of an ordinary man (a "low man"). Like Sophocles' Oedipus in Oedipus the King, Loman's flaw comes down to a lack of self-knowledge; unlike Oedipus, Loman's downfall threatens not the city but only a single, bourgeois household. In this sense, Miller's play represents a democratization of the ancient form of tragedy; interestingly, the play's protagonist is himself obsessed with the question of greatness, and his downfall arises directly from his misperception of himself as someone capable of greatness[ix].

CHAPTER II

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH OF A SALESMAN

2.1. PLOT

In literature, the plot comprises all the events in a story particularly rendered towards the achievement of some particular artistic or emotional effect. In other words, the plot consists of what has happened in the story or novel, such as the conflicts that have occurred. An intricate, complicated plot is known as an imbroglio, but even the most linear plots can give rise to multiple inferences and interpretations. Much can be determined from the narrative which is formed by the plot[x]. In other words we can conclude that the plot is the long process in the story from beginning till finish. So, the analysis of this play such as bellow:

A. Exposition

When Willy Loman arrived to his home after crushed some of Yonkers and Linda ask him, what happen! And he doesn’t care but he just imagines about success but now he was failure. And he want his son to be a successfully businessman. The exposition occurred in Act I. The quotation of the event is like bellow:

Linda : (Hearing Willy outside the bedroom, call with some trepidation) Willy?

Willy : It’s all right. I come back.

Linda : Why? What happened? (Slight pause) did some time happen, Willy?

Willy : No, nothing happened.

Linda : you didn’t smash the Car, did you?

B. Complication

When Willy Loman was failure with his dream and therefore he want biff be success, and then when his son know that he has affair with the woman and then his son very angry and complain with him. His sons assume that their father was unfaithful with their mother. (In Act I). The quotation of the event is like bellow:

Willy (off stage): What are you walking away for? Don’t walk away! If you‘re going to say it to my face! I know you laugh at me behind my back. You‘ll laugh out of the other side of your goddan face after this game! Touch down! .................

And ………

Willy : (without hesitating) Hurry downstairs and…………

Biff : somebody in there?

Willy : No, that was next door

The woman laughs offstage

Biff : somebody got in your bathroom!

Willy : No, it’s the next room, there a party………

The Woman: (enter, laughing, she lips this) can I come in? There’s something in the bathtub, Willy, and it’s moving! .........................

C. Climax

After Willy was convince from his family he deduce to suicide by the gasses in his car with hope that biff can get insurance and use the money to start own business. (In Act II). The quotation of the event is like bellow:

There is the sound of a car starting and moving away at full speed

Linda : No!

Biff : (rushing down the stairs); pop!

As the car speeds off, the music crasher down in a frenzy of sound, which became life soft pulsation of a single cello string. Biff slowly returns to his bedroom. He and Happy gravely and their jackets…………….

D. Falling Action

In Willy’s family in the grave, Happy said that his father is has beautiful dream, and although Linda knows that her husband has affair with a woman, she still believe with her husband is the man in the world. (In Requiem). The quotation of the event is like bellow:

Biff : Charley, the man didn’t know who he was.

Happy : (infuriated): Don’t say that!

Biff : why don’t you come with me, Happy?

Happy : all right, boy. I’m gonna show you and everybody else that Willy loman did not die in vain. He had good dream. It’s the only dream you can have – to come number – one man. He though it out here and this is where I’m gonna win it for him.

E. Resolution

Willy’s son try to realize father’s dream with used money insurance to start own business. (In a Requiem). The quotation of the event is like bellow:

Linda : for give me, dear. I can’t cry. I don’t know what it’s, but I can’t cry, I don understand it. Why did you ever do that? ..............

Biff lifts her feed and moves out up right with her in his arms. Linda sobs quietly. Bernard and charley come together and follow them, followed happy. Only the music of the flute…………

2.2. CHARACTER

A character is any person, personal, identity, or entity that exists in a work of art. The process of conveying information about characters in fiction is called characterization. Characters may be entirely fictional or based on real, historical entities. Characters may be human, supernatural, mythical, divine, animal, or personifications of an abstraction[xi]. We can conclude that character is describing about the persons who exist in a play. The character of this play like bellow:

A. Willy Loman

Willy Loman is an elderly salesman lost in false hopes and illusions. A sixty year’s old. The sales firm he works for no longer pays him salary. Working on straight commission, Willy cannot bring home enough money to pay his bill. After thirty-four years with the firm, they have spent his energy and discarded him.

Willy’s son, Biff and Happy are also failure, but Willy doesn’t want to believe this. He wants his sons, especially Biff, to succeed where he has not. He believes his boys are great and cannot understand why they are not successful. This is a major source of conflict throughout the play.

Willy has trouble distinguishing between in the past and present – between illusion and reality – and is often lost in flashback where much of the story told.

B. Linda Loman

A woman who is beautiful, she is Willy’s wife and mothers of Biff and Happy. Linda Loman is the person who supports Willy Loman. She is a faithfully wife, because although her husband is short, fat, and ugly, but Linda very loves with him, and she said that her husband is a man the most handsome in the world.

C. Biff Loman

The thirty-four year, the elder son of Willy Loman. Biff is an athlete quarter back the best in New York. He stopped school after he gaps his father has affair with a woman in Boston. And Biff leaves home during 15 year. During that he had done many job, and he ever come into because his stolen. But he told with his parents he become a man success and have apartment to happy his parents.

D. Happy Loman

He is the younger son of Willy and Linda. His Original name is Harold but more like called with Happy. He is Younger two years than Biff; generally He supports his father, and concern for him.

E. Charley

He is willy’s neighbor and father of Bernard. Charley is a successfully businessman. Willy and Charley always quarrel each others. Willy ever said that Charley is not liked, he liked but he is not- well liked (see act I). From this it’s meant that although Willy doesn’t like Charley, but he still keeps charley as his partner, because Willy has much debt with him.

F. Bernard

He Charley’s son, younger than biff, he is friend’s biff in senior high school and the college. He is intelligent and more than success than willy. Because he is intelligent, he can enter in famous college, but different with Biff, biff that can joint because he is quarter back the best in New York. After graduated he become a lawyers. He has two children.

G. Uncle Ben

Ben is Willy’s dead brother who appears to Willy during his flashbacks and times of trouble. Ben was a rich man who made it big in the diamond mines of Africa. Willy once given the chance to become partners with Ben, but refused and instead choose the life that he currently lives.

H. Howard Wagner

The thirty-six year man, he is old son of Wagner. His father is Willy’s boss. Howard now occupies the same position as his late father. Although Willy just call his name Howard, Howard is forced to fie Willy for his erratic behavior. Howard is preoccupied with technology when Willy meets his new boss; he spends most of the meeting to demonstrating his new wire recorder

I. Jenny

She is Charley’s secretaries.

K. Stanley

Stanley is the waiter at the restaurants when Willy meets his sons and their leave their father lonely in there so Stanley helps Willy to drove to home.

L. Miss Foresythe,

She is a woman at restaurants when Biff and Happy meets their father. This woman is likely a prostitute.

M. Bill Oliver,

He is boss of Biff When Biff goes from home.

N. The woman,

She is mysterious woman of Willy, she has affair with Willy in The Boston.

O. Wagner

He is father of Howard; he was death in age eighty-four year.

2.3. STAGING

Staging is the process of selecting, designing, adapting to, or modifying the performance space for a play or film. This includes the use or absence of stagecraft elements as well as the structure of the stage and its components[xii].

Staging is also used to mean the result of this process, in other words the spectacle that a play presents in performance, its visual detail. This can include such things as positions of actors on stage (often referred to as blocking), their nonverbal gestures and movements (also called stage business), the scenic background, the props and costumes, lighting, and sound effects. Besides costume, any physical object that appears in a play has the potential to become an important dramatic symbol. The first thing that the audience of a play sees is the stage set, the physical objects that suggest the world of the play. The stage set is usually indicated by the playwright, but the degree of detail and specificity of this rendering vary from one playwright to another and from one literary period to another. In film, staging is generally called set dressing.[xiii] In other word staging is designing, costume and something which importance in stage. The perfection of staging is very important, because it able to describe about the real condition where the story occurred.

The staging of this play is at home, the house’s kitchen, with a dinette set (table and three chairs) in the middle and a refrigerator, sink, and counters against the back wall. In the back wall is open door with blacks concealing “living room”. To the right on the kitchen, on level raised two feet, is a bedroom Willy and Linda. There is a bedstead on the straight chair, on a shelf over the bed a silver athletic trophy stands. A window open and the apartment at the side. Behind the kitchen, is the boy’s bedroom with two beds, with a dormer window or two set in a half-height wall at the back of platform. To stage left is landing from which stairs descend to the kitchen and back yard. For detail, see the explanation bellow:

a. Lighting

Act I : # Only the blue light of the sky fall upon the house as the symbol peaceful.

# Glow of orange as the symbol an angry.

# When in boy’s room, light is risen.

Act II : # Same with Act I, just light has risen.

A Requiem : # In the last play in the grave after funeral’s Willy light on the darkening.

b. Sounds f music:

Act I : # A melody flute is heard.

# Sound Man’s laugh → this is Willy

# Sound the Women’s laugh → this the Women who affairs with Willy.

# If Ben raised, there are special Ben’s music is heard.

# The music, rolling tone a high.

# Music insinuates.

Act II : # Music is heard, gay and bright.

# Ben’s music again.

# Sound the Women’s laugh.

# Music is heard Willy’s theme.

# The gay music of the boy’s is heard.

# The music crashes down in a frenzy of sound.

Requiem : Only the music of flute.

c. Costume

Costume for the characters is standard clothes in 1949 because this ply produced a published in 1949 too.

Willy loman : a Salesman, so he uses shirt- sleeves, sans coat and tie, usually like dress salesman, and when Willy at home uses t-shirt, pants and pajamas for sleep.

Linda Loman : She is mother who house wife so Linda use wears a blouse in light, warmer red and a pleasant skirt with ribbon in her hair.

Biff : Because Biff is a quarterback so he uses t-shirt and athletic pants, and pajamas in high school sweater and football pants.

Happy : Almost same with Biff just shirt and knickers, and jacket an soon…….

d. Staging

In Act I:

The kitchen, there is a kitchen table with there chairs and generator. At the back of the kitchen there is a dropped entrance, with leads to the living room, to the right on the kitchen. On a lever raised two feed, is a bad room furnished only with a brass bedstead and a straight chair, on a shelf over the bed a silver athletic trophy stands. Behind the kitchen, on a level raised six and a half feet, is the boy’s bedroom with two beds and at the back of the room a dormer window. At the left a stairway curves up to it from the kitchen.

In Act II:

Almost the event at home’s Willy loman

A. Requiem:

Stage made like at the grave because this event when funeral’s Willy loman and come back to house again.

2.4. SETTING

Setting of a story includes the time, location and circumstances in which it take place. Broadly speaking, the setting provides the main backdrop for the story. Sometimes setting is referred to as milieu, to include a context (such as society) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story. In some cases, setting becomes a character itself and can set the tone of a story. The term is relevant or various forms of narrative expression, whether considered literature or not, including short stories, novels, dramas, and screenplays[xiv]. For easy to understand we can say that setting is the place or location where the story occurred.

Base on the analysis, the setting of the play is in New York, Boston, Alaska, and Africa. At home, the house’s kitchen, living room, the boy’s bedroom, back yard. For the completely explain in bellow:

Time : Modern Age (1940’s period)

Place : The action takes place in Willy lamon’s house and yard in various places he visits in the New York and Boston.

To more than specific, we will mention every act :

ACT I: Willy loman’s House in:

· Linda and Willy’s Bedroom → when Willy go home after did trip business

· Boy’s Room →Biff and happy talking a bout his father and job of Biff.

· Kitchen → when Willy and Bernard talking about Biff and then Willy hallucinates events in Boston’s Hotel.

ACT II: In the kitchen → when the Willy wants to go work.

At the office of Howard Wagner → when Willy wants to added salary.

At restaurant → Willy has appointment with his sons and he leaves in there.

At Hotel in Boston → Willy hallucinate again when he and woman gaps with

Biff.

Come back again to house in the kitchen → Willy to quarrel with biff.

At the end Willy decide to suicide.

At the bedroom of Willy and boy’s room.

A Requiem: at the grave → Willy’s funeral.

2.4. THEME

A theme is a broad idea in a story or literary work a message or lesson conveyed by a written text. This message is usually about life, society or human nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal ideas. Most themes are implied rather than explicitly stated. The theme is different from the superficial outlay of the text; it is normally the meaning of the text on a more abstract level[xv]. In others word, we can say theme is the message or idea which able we take from the story which give the wise or good contribution for our live.

According from the analysis before, we conclude the theme of this play is “An American dreams and the struggle of life”. We say the theme American dream because it is about the American people who want successfully in live, we can see in this play who describes the people who always dream to success. In this play Willy wants to be rich and a man who successful but actually Willy failure. And the struggle of life because this plays told about the struggle live of Willy to be a successful salesman.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

Base on the analysis above, we can give the conclusion that In our life we should work harder to get our dream, because our work harder has the important position in getting the successfulness, and also we have to satisfied with the result from our hard worker, because it can makes our soul more calmness and avoiding from the disappointed deeply. Our dream is not always to be real, but still only illusion. We can see that Willy loman who always think to be success man, he has a dream to be successful salesman. He has obsession to be successful salesman as the describing of American dream. He always images the successfulness another people although really they are not surely success. He always imagines to the past time. This drama/play can be considering as describing the illusion of a salesman’s American dream. As we know from the analysis Willy Loman has to face the reality in his life that is not success, and then he more to chose to suicide himself to get some money for his family, because he think his family will receive money from his life insurance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERNET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature [Accessed on Tuesday at 09.33 Am. January, 13^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama [ Accessed on Tuesday at 09.51 Am. January 13^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Miller [ Accessed on Saturday at 10.00 Am. January 10^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman [ Accessed on Tuesday at 10.00 Am. January 13^th, 2009]

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/literature [ Accessed on Tuesday at 09.44 Am. January 13^th, 2009]

http://www.brainyquote.com/words/dr/drama157122.html [ Accessed on Tuesday at 09.58 Am. January 13^th, 2009]

http://www.mohawk.mtrsd.k12.ma.us/site/ms/explorers/language_arts.htm. [ Accessed on Tuesday at 09.42. Am. January 13^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prose [ Accessed on Thursday at 02.12 pm. January 15^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_(narrative) [ Accessed on Thursday at 20.52 pm January 15^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(arts) [ Accessed on Thursday at 02.49 pm. January 15^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staging_(theatre) [ Accessed on Thursday at 02.54 pm. January 15^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_(literature) [ Accessed on Wednesday at 11.42. Am. January 16^th, 2009]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setting_(fiction). [ Accessed on Wednesday at 11.41. Am. January 16^th, 2009]

DICTIONARY

Hornby, A. S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 7^th Edition, Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2007.

End Notes

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[i] Agus rahmmansyah,, Suci Fatmawati, Diana, Donas Irfanda, Erna Yurista, Handayani, Nini Munasari, Raden Fakhrurrozi, Surmayadi, dan Uswatun Hasanah)

[ii] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature. Accessed at 09.33 Am. Jan. 13^th 2009

[iii] A.S Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007, P. 898

[iv] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama. Accessed at 09.51 Am. Jan. 13^th, 2009

[v] Available in http://www.brainyquote.com/words/dr/drama157122.html. Accessed at 09.58. Pm. Jan. 13^th, 2009

[vi] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prose. Accessed at 02.12 pm Jan. 15^th, 2009

[vii] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry. Accessed at 10.06 Am. Jan. 13^th, 2009

[viii] Biography [On Line] available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Miller. Accessed at 10.00. Am. Jan 10^th, 2009.

[ix] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman. Accessed at 10.01. Am. Jan. 13^th, 2009

[x]Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_(narrative). Accessed at 20.52. Pm .Jan 15^th, 2009.

[xi]Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(arts). Accessed at 02.49. Pm. Jan 15^th, 2009.

[xii]Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staging_(theatre). Accessed at 02.54. Pm .Jan. 15^th, 2009

[xiii] Ibid.

[xiv] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_(literature). Accessed at 11.42. Am 16. Jan. 16^th, 2009

[xv] Available in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setting_(fiction). Accessed at 11.41. Am. Jan 16^th, 2009